서 론
1. 연구의 필요성
연구 방법
1. 연구 설계
2. 연구 대상
3. 연구 도구
1) 일반적 특성 및 건강관련 특성
2) 약물사용 실태
3) 약물복용이행
4) 증상경험
5) 우울
6) 가족기능
4. 자료 수집
5. 자료 분석
대상자의 일반적 및 건강관련 특성, 약물사용 실태, 증상경험, 우울, 가족기능 및 약물복용이행 정도를 파악하기 위해 빈도와 백분율, 평균과 표준편차를 산출하였다.
대상자의 일반적 및 건강 관련 특성 및 약물사용 실태에 따른 약물복용이행 정도 차이를 파악하기 위해 t-test, one way ANOVA로 분석하였다.
대상자의 약물오용행위, 증상경험, 우울, 가족기능과 약물복용이행 간의 관련성을 파악하기 위해 Pearson’s correlation coefficients로 분석하였다.
대상자의 약물복용이행에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위해 단계적 회귀분석(stepwise multiple linear regression)을 실시하였다.
6. 윤리적 고려
연구 결과
1. 대상자의 일반적 및 건강관련 특성
Table 1.
Characteristics | Categories | n (%) or Mean±SD | Range |
---|---|---|---|
|
|||
Age (year) | 73.50±5.81 | 65-85 | |
92 (57.1) | |||
65-<75 | 65 (40.4) | ||
75-<85 | 4 (2.5) | ||
≥85 | 46 (28.6) | ||
Sex | Male | 115 (71.4) | |
Female | 107 (66.5) | ||
Educational level | ≤Middle school | 43 (26.7) | |
High school | 11 (6.8) | ||
≥University | 104 (64.6) | ||
Marital status | Married | 50 (31.1) | |
Bereaved | 7 (4.3) | ||
Unmarried, divorced, and separated | 50 (31.1) | ||
Living arrangement | Living alone | 50 (31.1) | |
With spouse | 65 (40.4) | ||
With spouse and children | 35 (21.7) | ||
Living in facility | 11 (6.8) | ||
Subjective economic status | Sufficient | 19 (11.8) | |
Moderate | 115 (71.4) | ||
Disadvantaged | 27 (16.8) | ||
Subjective health status | Good | 22 (13.6) | |
Moderate | 65 (40.4) | ||
Poor | 74 (46.0) | ||
Diagnosed chronic disease* | Hypertension | 84 (45.4) | |
Arthritis | 74 (40.0) | ||
Lower back pain | 52 (28.1) | ||
Diabetes | 46 (24.9) | ||
Osteoporosis | 35 (18.9) | ||
Gastrointestinal disease | 31 (16.8) | ||
Cardiovascular disease | 25 (13.5) | ||
Cancer | 13 (7.0) | ||
Chronic pulmonary disease | 12 (6.5) | ||
Stroke | 10 (5.4) | ||
Liver disease | 8 (4.3) | ||
Tuberculosis | 2 (1.1) | ||
Others | 31 (16.8) | ||
Region of chronic pain* | Head | 27 (16.8) | |
Shoulders | 46 (28.6) | ||
Arm | 18 (11.2) | ||
Wrist | 17 (10.6) | ||
Finger | 10 (6.2) | ||
Chest | 6 (3.7) | ||
Abdomen | 6 (3.7) | ||
Lower back | 74 (46.0) | ||
Back | 6 (3.7) | ||
Hip | 11 (6.8) | ||
Leg | 47 (29.2) | ||
Knee | 79 (49.1) | ||
Ankle | 12 (7.5) | ||
Toe | 7 (4.3) | ||
Etc | 9 (5.6) |
2. 대상자의 약물사용 실태, 증상경험, 우울 및 가족기능, 약물복용이행의 정도
Table 2.
Characteristics | Categories | n (%) | Mean±SD | Obtained Range |
---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||
Period of use of prescribed analgesics (month) | <3 | 30 (18.6) | ||
3-<6 | 13 (8.1) | |||
6-<12 | 24 (14.9) | |||
12-<36 | 31 (19.3) | |||
≥36 | 63 (39.1) | |||
Experiences of side effects | Yes | 53 (32.9) | ||
No | 108 (67.1) | |||
Type of side effects* | Gastrointestinal trouble | 33 (20.5) | ||
Edema | 13 (8.1) | |||
Skin eruption or pruritus | 9 (5.6) | |||
Dizziness | 7 (4.3) | |||
Weight gain | 5 (3.1) | |||
Bruising | 4 (2.5) | |||
Hand tremor | 1 (0.6) | |||
Visual disturbance | 1 (0.6) | |||
Others | 4 (2.5) | |||
Accompanied treatment* | Physical therapy/rehabilitation | 77 (47.8) | ||
Injection therapy | 41 (25.5) | |||
Oriental medicine | 38 (23.6) | |||
Surgery | 21 (13.0) | |||
Use of medical device at no cost | 7 (4.3) | |||
Treatment by unlicensed personnel | 2 (1.2) | |||
Others | 2 (1.2) | |||
None | 44 (27.3) | |||
Use of Over-The-Counter pain medication | Yes | 136 (84.5) | ||
No | 25 (15.5) | |||
Type of Over-The-Counter pain medication | Transdermal patch | 117 (72.7) | ||
(Multiple responses*) | Oral administration | 44 (27.3) | ||
Topical use | 53 (32.9) | |||
Medication misuse behaviors | Mean frequency of ‘yes’ responses | 2.17±2.03 | 0-7 | |
Stopping medication use | 79 (49.1) | |||
Changing medication schedule by oneself | 69 (42.9) | |||
Leaving some medications without a pescription | 58 (36.0) | |||
Taking under dose | 52 (32.3) | |||
Taking others’ medication | 43 (26.7) | |||
Taking overdose | 38 (23.6) | |||
Taking a medicine with alcohol | 11 (6.8) | |||
Symptom experience | Total | 37.25±39.49 | 4-172 | |
Pain | 5.31±2.73 | 0-10 | ||
Fatigue | 4.93±2.51 | 0-10 | ||
Lower torso weakness | 4.59±3.05 | 0-10 | ||
Difficulty in sleeping | 4.19±3.00 | 0-10 | ||
Cold aversion | 3.93±2.95 | 0-10 | ||
Loss of appetite | 3.61±2.86 | 0-10 | ||
Dizziness | 3.06±2.69 | 0-10 | ||
Dry mouth | 2.97±2.64 | 0-10 | ||
Change in taste | 2.72±2.75 | 0-10 | ||
Skin change | 2.65±2.61 | 0-10 | ||
Hearing problem | 2.57±2.99 | 0-10 | ||
Limb swelling | 2.57±3.06 | 0-10 | ||
Pruritus | 2.45±2.50 | 0-10 | ||
Bloated abdomen | 2.43±2.77 | 0-10 | ||
Restless leg | 2.43±2.88 | 0-10 | ||
Cough | 2.40±2.64 | 0-10 | ||
Constipation | 2.40±2.78 | 0-10 | ||
Muscle cramp | 2.36±2.55 | 0-10 | ||
Halitosis | 2.22±2.53 | 0-10 | ||
Nausea | 1.94±2.31 | 0-10 | ||
Limb numbness | 1.93±2.62 | 0-10 | ||
Sexual problem | 1.91±2.73 | 0-10 | ||
Dyspnea | 1.68±2.35 | 0-10 | ||
Depression | Normal | 99 (61.5) | 18.31±9.60 | 1-55 |
Depression | 62 (38.5) | |||
Family function | Severe dysfunction | 22 (13.7) | 6.21±2.82 | 0-10 |
Moderate dysfunction | 70 (43.5) | |||
Normal function | 69 (42.9) | |||
Medication adherence | Low | 95 (59.0) | 4.48±2.35 | 0-8 |
Moderate | 49 (30.4) | |||
High | 17 (10.6) |